Tariki ya 25 Nyakanga mu mateka y’u Rwanda: byinshi ku mwami Rudahigwa watanze kuri iyi tariki

Abari abana kuri tariki 25 Nyakanga 1959 ubu ni abasaza abandi ni abakecuru. Umunsi nk’uyu muri uwo mwaka wari amarira ku banyarwanda ubwo bamenyaga ko umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa Charles Léon Pierre yatanze, agatangira imahanga, Usumbura ubu hakaba hitwa Bujumbura mu Burundi.

Mutara III Rudahigwa wategetse u Rwanda mu gihe cy’imyaka 18, kuva mu 1931 kugeza mu 1959, yavukiye i Mwiya ya Nyanza muri Werurwe 1911, aza kwimikirwa kuba umwami afite imyaka 20 gusa y’amavuko. Mutara III Rudahigwa ni mwene Yuhi V Musinga na Nyiramavugo Kankazi Radegonde. Uyu mwami, ni we wenyine washyizwe mu ntwari z’u Rwanda.

Imyaka 60 iruzuye urujijo rukiri rwose ku rupfu rwa Mutara III Rudahigwa umwe mu bami bategetse u Rwanda mu bihe bikomeye, umwe mu bashyizwe mu Ntwari z’igihugu kubw’umuhate we ngo u Rwanda rubone ubwigenge buboneye nubwo yatanze atabigezeho.

Umwami yahagurutse i Nyanza kuwa Gatanu tariki 24 Nyakanga, yerekeza Bujumbura, aho yari agiye guhura na Guverineri wa Ruanda-Urundi n’abandi bayobozi b’Ababiligi.

Bivugwa ko Umwami Rudahigwa yagombaga kuva i Bujumbura afata indege imujyana i New York gusaba Loni ubwigenge bw’u Rwanda.

Amaze kugera i Bujumbura, mu gitondo cyo kuwa Gatandatu tariki 25 Nyakanga byabaye ngombwa ko ajya guhura na muganga w’Umubiligi, Dr Vinck. Rudahigwa ni we wari waraye asabye ko yahura na muganga.

Amaze kugera kwa muganga Dr Vinck, yamuteye urushinge rwa peneseline. Umwami amaze gusohoka kwa Dr Vinck, yahise yikubita hasi agwa igihumure mu mwanya muto aza gutanga.

Inkuru y’incamugongo imaze gusakara i Rwanda, benshi mu banyarwanda barimo n’abo mu muryango w’umwami ntabwo babyemeye kugeza ubwo umugogo we watabarizwaga i Mwima kuwa 28 Nyakanga 1959, aha i Mwima ni mu Karere ka Nyanza.

Kigeli V Ndahindurwa wasimbuye mukuru we ku ngoma ni umwe mu bemeje ko Rudahugwa atazize uburwayi.

Nk’uko biri mu gitabo “Images of Royal Rwanda from the Colonial Period cya Stewart Addington Saint David” cyanditswe ku bufatanye n’Umuryango King Kigeli Foundation, nyakwigendera Ndahindurwa yavuze ko Rudahigwa ajya kujya i Bujumbura nta ndwara n’imwe yari arwaye.

Amwe mu mateka ya Mutara III Rudahigwa

Nkuko twabigarutseho haruguru, yavukiye i Mwiya ya Nyanza muri Werurwe 1911, aza kwimikirwa kuba umwami afite imyaka 20 gusa y’amavuko. Mutara III Rudahigwa ni mwene Yuhi V Musinga na Nyiramavugo Kankazi Radegonde. Uyu mwami, ni we wenyine washyizwe mu ntwari z’u Rwanda.

Nyuma y’imyaka ibiri yimitswe, Rudahigwa yashakanye bwa mbere na Nyiramakomali mu 1933, ariko nyuma baza gutana ahagana mu 1940 bamaranye imyaka 7 babana. Tariki 13 Mutarama 1942, nibwo Rosalie Gicanda yashyingiranwe n’umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa waje kubatizwa agahabwa izina rya Charles Léon Pierre. Bakoze ubukwe bashyingiranwa imbere y’Imana, cyane ko icyo gihe umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa yari yaremeye kureka imigenzo y’imyemerere gakondo akabatizwa agahabwa izina rya Charles Léon Pierre, ndetse u Rwanda akarutura Kristu umwami.

Gicanda Rosalie ni we mwamikazi wa nyuma w’u Rwanda. Yabaye umugore wa kabiri wa Rudahigwa nyuma y’uko uwa mbere ari we Nyiramakomali yari yirukanywe. Icyo gihe bamuzizaga ko atabyaraga, gusa Nyiramakomali yaje gushyingirwa Nyirimbirima mwene Nshozamihigo babyara abana benshi bitangira kuvugwa ko Rudahigwa ari we utarabyaraga.

Ubwo habaga umuhango wo gutoranya umwamikazi, icyo gihe abakobwa bose bari batoranyijwe bagombaga guca imbere y’umwami Rudahigwa bambaye uko bavutse, ariko bigeze kuri Gicanda araturika ararira bitewe n’uko atashoboraga kubyihanganira, ibi bikaba ari byo byatumye umwami Rudahigwa amuhitamo bitewe n’imico ye myiza.

Ibikorwa by’ubutwari byaranze umwami Mutara wa III Rudahigwa

Umwami Mutara wa III Rudahigwa, yagaragaje urukundo yakundaga Abanyarwanda ubwo yabarwanagaho agatanga inka ze ndetse akanazambura n’abatware mu gihe cy’inzara ya Ruzagayura. Yarwanyije akarengane, bituma aba umucamanza mukuru mu rukiko rw’umwami ariho yagaragarije ubutabera nyakuri. Mu rwego rw’ubutabera, yakuyeho inkuku zakamirwaga umwami yishakira ize, yaciye imirimo y’agahato, afunga inzira abayobozi b’ibisambo banyuragamo bambura abaturage.

Yashyize Abatwa mu rwego rw’abandi, abuza kongera kubanena. Mu mibanire myiza n’abantu, Intwari Mutara III Rudahigwa yasabye ko ubwoko buva mu ndangamuntu n’ubwo abakoloni b’ababiligi bamubereye imbogamizi. Yitaye ku burezi ashinga isanduku “ Fond Mutara ”. Icyo kigega cyagiye gifasha abantu benshi cyane cyane abakennye babasha kwiga. Yashize Ishuri ry’Abayisilamu ku Ntwari ry’i Nyamirambo, ashinga za Ecoles Laïques, ashinga Ishuri ry’Abenemutara ry’i Kanyanza anohereza Abanyarwanda ba mbere kwiga i Burayi.

Mu rwego rwa Politiki, Intwari Mutara III Rudahigwa yagaragaje umutima wa kigabo ntiyatinya Ababiligi, kandi byose yabikoraga aharanira ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda. Mutara Rudahigwa yakunzwe n’abanyarwanda, iyo iza no kuba impamvu bamwise ” Inkubito y’imanzi “. Ni na we watangiye gusaba Ababiligi ko u Rwanda rwabona ubwigenge nyuma yo gusura ibihugu by’i Burayi. Afatanyije na Rwagasore na Lumumba, byagaragaraga ko aganisha ku bumwe mu bihugu by’abaturanyi.

Yakundaga ikintu cyatuma abantu basabana cyane cyane siporo. Mutara Rudahigwa yakinaga umukino wa Tennis, akanakina umukino w’umupira w’amaguru (football), ndetse yari afite n’ikipe yitwaga « Amaregura ».

Rudahigwa yasigasiye umuco nyarwanda kandi yakunze kugaragaraza uburyo awushyigikiye cyane, ndetse hari n’amashusho yafashwe cyera, igihe yakiraga Umwami Bodouin w’u Bubiligi, agaragaza ukuntu intore z’Umwami zari zizi guhamiriza cyane. Hirya y’ibyo Umwami yatanze anafite igitekerezo cyo gutangiza ishuri rya siporo n’ubuhanga ngororamubiri.

Umwami Rudahigwa azwiho kwicisha bugufi bikomeye kandi yari umwami

Umunsi umweHabyarimana Joseph Gitera w’i Save uzwiho uruhare rukomeye mu kubiba amacakubiri mu Rwanda, yarazindutse ajya kureba umwami Rudahigwa, maze aramubwira ati “Rudahigwa we, ubundi wabaye umwami w’Abatutsi nanjye nkaba umwami w’Abahutu?”. Maze umwami Rudahigwa aramubaza ati “Gitera we, ibyo usabye wabanje kubitekerezaho?” Gitera ati: “nabanje kubitekereza”.Maze Umwami aramusubiza ati “Gitera we ubwo wabanje kubitekerezaho? Mpa umwanya nanjye mbanze mbitekerezeho nzaguha igisubizo vuba”.

Uyu Gitera yahoraga atuka cyane umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa, rimwe biza kurakaza umwami ava i Nyanza agiye i Save gukubita Gitera ariko murumuna we Ndahindurwa Jean Baptiste waje kwitwa Kigeli aza kumubuza.

Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa ngo yasanze Ndahindurwa Jean Baptiste (waje kwitwa Kigeli amaze kwimikwa) aho yakoraga kuri Hotel Faucon, amubwira ko icyamuzinduye kikamuvana i Nyanza ari ugukubita Gitera. Ndahindurwa yunguye ubwenge umwami, aramubabwira ati: “Nyagasani ibyo wabitekerejeho byo gukubita icyo kigabo? Ko na we atari we ahubwo afite abo akorera wagiye ugakubita abamukoresha!”

Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa yumviye umuvandimwe we, yumva koko ko ikibazo ari abazungu b’Ababiligi babaga batumye Gitera gusuzugura umwami n’ingoma ye, ni uko umwami na we aza kumvisha abagaragu be bamusabaga kwica Gitera, ko ahubwo aho kumwica bakwica abazungu babimutera, ni uko insigamigani ikwira i Rwanda ngo “Aho kwica Gitera wakwica ikibimutera.”. Kuva ubwo imvugo iba gikwira, ishinga imizi muri rubanda, babona umuntu ashatse gukemura ikibazo atagihereye mu mizi bakamubwira bati “Aho kwica Gitera wakwica ikibimutera” cyangwa bati “ Wikwica Gitera ahubwo ica ikibimutera.”

Urupfu rudasobanutse rw’umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa n’umwamikazi Gicanda

Tariki 25 Nyakanga 1959, umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa wari warabatijwe Charles Léon Pierre, yaratanze, apfa urupfu rwatunguranye cyane. Ugutanga kwa Mutara III Rudahigwa Charles Leon Pierre ntikuramenyekana neza kuko kugeza kuri ubu nta kimenyetso na kimwe gihurizwaho ku byamwishe.

Tariki 24 Nyakanga 1959, Rudahigwa yagiye i Bujumbura mu Burundi aho yari agiye kugirana inama n’abayobozi b’abakoloni b’Ababiligi, yari yateguwe na Padiri Andre Perraudin. Umunsi wakurikiyeho nibwo yasuye umuganga w’umubiligi mu bitaro by’abakoloni, ari naho yaje kugwa. Abakoloni b’Ababiligi ntibavuga neza iby’urupfu rwe, ndetse ubwabo ntibakunze kubihurizaho. Bamwe bagiye bavuga ko umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa yatatse uburwayi bw’umutwe akaza kuvurwa n’umuganga we, ariko akaza guhitanwa n’uburwayi bushingiye ku kwangirika k’ubwonko. Hari urundi ruhande ariko rwavuze ko yishwe n’urushinge yatewe, ndetse n’abanyarwanda benshi icyo gihe ntibigeze bashira amakenga ko Ababiligi atari bo bishe umwami Rudahigwa, cyane ko yari amaze igihe agerageza kubereka ko badakwiye gucamo ibice abanyarwanda, kandi ko abaturage be bakeneye ubwigenge.

Icyo gihe hari n’abanyarwanda benshi, ku bw’urukundo bakundaga Rudahigwa, bateye amabuye imodoka z’abakoloni bari mu gihugu. Hari abavuze ko umwami yagiye i Bujumbura afite ubuzima butameze neza, nyamara umwe mu bagaragu be yashimangiye ko nta kibazo yari afite, kuko yakoraga siporo kandi yagiye mu Burundi anaheruka gukina tennis agaragara nk’ufite ubuzima buzira umuze. Nyuma y’urupfu rwe, umwamikazi Gicanda yabaye umupfakazi, nawo umwami Rudahigwa ahita asimburwa na murumuna we Ndahindurwa Jean Baptiste waje kwitwa Kigeli V Ndahindurwa.

Mu mwaka w’1961 ubwo hari inkubiri yo gushaka kwimakaza ubutegetsi bwa Repubulika, uwari Perezida w’u Rwanda icyo gihe; Geregori Kayibanda, yirukanye mu rukari umwamikazi Rosalie Gicanda, mu rwego rwo kuzimanganya burundu ingoma ya cyami n’ibimenyetso byayo.

Rosalie Gicanda yakomeje kuba mu mujyi wa Butare aho yiciwe muri Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi afite imyaka 66 y’amavuko, hari tariki 20 Mata 1994. Rosalie Gicanda yishwe arashwe ku itegeko rya Lt Pierre Bizimana ndetse na Dr Kageruka wari umuganga mu bitaro bya Kaminuza ya Butare, bose bahawe amabwiriza na Captain Ildephonse Nzeyimana. Gicanda bamwicanye n’abandi bagore batandatu bari inshuti ze hamwe n’abandi bo mu muryango, bakaba barabajyanye imbere y’ingoro y’umurage w’amateka y’u Rwanda i Butare barabarasa, umwana w’umukobwa waje kurokoka niwe wasigaye abara inkuru y’urwo uyu mwamikazi n’abo bari kumwe bapfuye.

Ubu umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa, umwamikazi Rosalia Gicanda ndetse na Kigeli V Ndahindurwa, bashyinguwe i Mwima ya Nyanza mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo y’u Rwanda, mu gace Rudahigwa yavukiyemo ndetse kakaba ari nako Kigeli yimikiwemo.