Abanyafurika bamaze gutsindira igihembo cy’amahoro cyitiriwe Nobel
Kugeza ubu abanyafurika 12 nibo bamaze gutsindira iki gihembo cy’amahoro cyitiriwe Nobel. Ubusanzwe iki gihembo cyitiriwe Alfred Nobel, Umunyasuwede wavumbuye icyuma kimena urutare (dynamite).
Ni igihembo mpuzamahanga cyatangiye gutangwa mu 1901, kikaba gitangwa buri mwaka. gihabwa umuntu wakoze ibikorwa bidasanzwe byagiriye akamaro ikiremwamuntu.
Iki gihembo gitangwa ku munsi hibukirwaho umunsi Nobel yapfiriyeho tariki ya 10 Ukuboza buri mwaka mu gihe yavutse tariki ya 29 Kamena 1900.
Uyu mwaka cyatanzwe ku wa gatanu taliki ya 05 Ukwakira gihabwa Dogiteri Denis Mukwege umunye-Congo na Nadia Murad, Umuyazidi ukomoka mu majyaruguru ya Iraq akaba aharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu
Iki gihembo cyagiye gihabwa abantu benshi batandukanye girya no hino ku Isi, gusa kuri uyu munsi twaguteguriye urutonde rw’Abanyafurika bagitsindiye kuva cyatangira gutangwa kugeza ubu.
1.Albert Luthuli wo muri Afurika y’epfo, mu mwaka wa 1960
Uyu Albert Luthuli wavutse mu 1898 niwe munyafurika watsindiye iki gihembo , mubi muranga usanga akunda filisofi ya Mahatma Gandhi, akaba yari umuntu urwanya avanguraruhu ryabaga muri Afurika, akaba yarigeze gutorerwa kuyobora ishyaka riri kubutegetsi muri Afurika y’Epfo, African National Congress (ANC) mu 1952. Uyu mugabo yapfuye mu 1967 ku myaka 69 yari afite azize impanuka yabereye hafi y’urugo rwe.
2.Mohamed Anwar al-Sadat wo mu Misiri, mu mwaka wa 1978
Anwar al-Sadat wabaye perezida wa Misiri (Egypt) igiye yatsindiraga iki gihembo yahawe ari kumwe na Menachem Begin minisitiri w’intebe wa Israel, bagihawe mu 1978 bakaba baragihe bigendeye kuruhare bagize mu kugarura amahoro mu gace ka Asia yo hagati no kunga Misiri na Israel. Anwar al-Sadat yabaye perezida wa gatatu wa Misiri akaba yaravutse mu 1918 aza kwicwa mu mwaka wa 1981
3.Desmond Tutu wo muri Afurika y’epfo, mu mwaka wa 1984
Desmond Tutu, ni umuvugabutumwa wo muri Afurika y’Epfo , akaba impirimbanyi y’uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa muntu , akaba ari mubantu barwanyije politike y’ivanguraruhu ya Apartheid. Uyu muvugabutumwa wa Anglican yavutse mu mwaka wa 1931.
4.Nelson Mandela wo muri Afurika y’epfo, mu mwaka wa 1993
Nyakwigendera Nelson Madiba Mandela benshi bita intwari ya Afurika yahawe igihembo cy’amahoro cyitiriwe Nobel mu mwaka 1993. Uyu yabaye Perezida wa mbere w’umwirabura wa Afurika y’epfo nyuma y’imyaka 27 yari amaze mu gihome. Mandela yahawe iki gihembo ari kumwe na Frederik Willem de Klerk ku ruhare bagize mu kugarura amahoro muri Afurika y’Epfo.
5.Frederik Willem de Klerk wo muri Afurika y’epfo, mu mwaka wa 1993
Frederik Willem de Klerk we yabaye Perezida mugihe Afurika y’Epfo yari mubihe bibi by’ivanguraruhu, gusa yagize uruhare rukomeye mu gushyiraho ibiganiro by’amahoro harebwa uko iyo politike ya Apartheid yarangira , nyuma yo kurekura Nelson Mandela bakicara basasa inzobe ku kibazo cyari cyugarije iki gihugu.
6.Kofi Annan wo muri Ghana, mu mwaka wa 2001
Uyu munye-Ghana yahawe iki gihembo mu mwaka wa 2001m, akaba yarabaye umunyamabanga mukuru wa 7 w’umuryango wabibumbye, kuva mu 1997 kugeza mu 2006, akaba aherutse kwitaba Imana uyu mwaka wa 2018.
7.Wangari Maathai wo muri Kenya, mu mwaka wa 2004
Wangari Maathai umugore w’umunya- Kenya nawe yatsindiye iki gihembo mu 2004, akaba yarashinze umuryango wa Green Belt Movement. akaba yarahawe iki gihembo kubera uruhare yagize mukuzamura iterambere , Demokarasi n’amahoro muri Kenya. Yavutse mu 1940 akaba ariwe munyafurika w’umugore wa mbere wari utsindiye iki gihembo.
8.Mohamed ElBaradei wo mu Misiri, mu mwaka wa 2005
Mohamed ElBaradei uyu akomoka mu Misiri aka ni Director General wa IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) yavukiye i Cairo mu 1942 akaba yarigeze kuba umudipolomate wa Misiri muri Amerika
9.Ellen Johnson Sirleaf wo muri Liberia, mu mwaka wa 2011
Sirleaf wabaye perezida wa Liberia mu was 2005 , mu mwaka wa 2011 yahawe iki gihembo cy’amahoro agihabwa we na Leymah Gbowee bose bo muri Liberia . Sileaf yari umugore wa mbere muri Afurika wabaye umukuru w’igihugu. akaba yaragize uruhare mukwimakaza amahoro n’iterambere muri rubanda.
10.Leymah Gbowee wo muri Liberia, mu mwaka wa 2011
Lymah Gbowee, uyu yagize uruhare rukomeye mukwimakaza uburenganzira bw’abagore , akaba yarahamagariye abagore bose bo muri Liberia guhaguruka bakarwanira amahoro muri Liberia. Akaba yarifashije abantu bahuye n’ihungabana ry’intamabara ya gisivile yabaye muri Liberia. Leymah Roberta Gbowee yavutse mu 1972.
11.Amashyirahamwe ane yo muri Tuniziya azwi nka National Dialogue Quartet, yatwaye iki gihembo mu mwaka wa 2015
Iri shyirahamwe ry’abasivile ryashinzwe mu 2013 n’abanya-Tunisia bane babikora mu rwego rwo kwimakaza Demokarasi muri Tunisia igihe yari yugarijwe n’ibibazo bya Politike.
12. Dogiteri Denis Mukwege wo muri Congo-Kinshasa mu 2018
Denis Mukengere Mukwege ni umudogiteri w’umunye-Congo , akaba yarashinze ibitaro bya Panzi Hospital i Bukavu bigamije gufasha abagore bafashwe ku ngufu mu ntambara zibisiye iki gihugu. Yahawe igihembo cy’amahoro cyitiriwe Nobel kubera umuhate afite mugufasha abagore no kurwanya ihohotera rikorerwa abagore. Afite imyaka 63 yavukiye i Bukavu muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo.
Abegukana iki gihembo batorwa bate?
Muri buri gice, abatorwamo batangwa n’abantu batandukanye. Batorwa na komite idasanzwe igizwe n’inzobere zitorwa buri myaka itatu. Izi nzobere zitoranya abantu batanu muri benshi baba batanzwe, abatorwa kugira ngo bahabwe ibyo bihembo ni muri ba bandi batanu, batorwa mu biganiro mpaka bitangira mu ntangiriro z’ukwezi k’Ukuboza. Bane batahiswemo bongera gushyirwa ku rutonde rw’abahatanira iki gihembo umwaka ukurikiyeho.
Igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel mu guharanira amahoro cyahawe mu 1961 Dag Hammarskjöld, wari umunyamabanga mukuru wa UN. Iki gihembo n’iyo waba warapfuye uragihabwa mu gihe uba waragiye kuri uru rutonde ukiriho. Urugero ni muri 2011 ubwo icyo mu buvuzi cyagenewe Umunyacanada Ralph Steinman, wapfuye habura iminsi itatu ngo yemezwe ko ari we wagitsindiye. Kugitanga kandi ntiharebwa imyaka.
Lisiti z’abatanzwe ngo batorwemo ndetse n’uko amanota yatanzwe bigirwa amabanga bikabikwa byibura mu gihe cy’imyaka 50.
@Vainqueur Teradignews.rw
